Chemically speaking, carbohydrates consist of sugar molecules. Depending on the number of these molecules, a distinction is made between simple, double and multiple sugars.
Monosaccharides
These are simple sugars. They only consist of one molecule. These include glucose (dextrose), fructose (fruit sugar) and galactose (component of milk sugar).
Dissacharides
Dissacharides are two simple sugars which are linked together. The most important dissacharides include sucrose (glucose and fructose), maltose (glucose and glucose) and lactose (galactose and glucose).
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are made up of several simple sugars. Up to ten thousand monosaccharides can bind. The type of binding determines how these type of sugar can be digested. The polysaccharides include vegetable starch, glycogen (animal starch) and dietary fibre.
As with mixed diets, it is important to use healthier alternatives for carbohydrates, which provide the body not only with energy but also with fibre, vitamins and minerals. You should avoid white flour and products made from it, as well as sucrose (household sugar).
Healthy carbohydrates include:
Legumes (lentils, beans)
Green vegetables
Salad
Nuts
Wholemeal products
Pseudo grains (millet, quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat)
Potatoes
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